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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Giant cell arteritis presenting with cotton wool spots.

Michael C Johnson¹, Andrew G Lee

¹University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Seminars in Ophthalmology

|April 25, 2008

Summary

Giant cell arteritis, a condition causing inflammation of blood vessels, can initially manifest as cotton wool patches in the eye. Early recognition and treatment with corticosteroids are crucial for vision preservation.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Rheumatology
Vascular Inflammation

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis affecting large and medium arteries.
Ophthalmologic manifestations are common and can lead to irreversible vision loss if not promptly diagnosed.

Observation:

A 69-year-old female presented with sudden vision loss and severe head/neck pain.
Fundus examination revealed multifocal cotton wool patches near the optic disc.
Fluorescein angiography showed a peripapillary choroidal filling defect.

Findings:

Elevated inflammatory markers (ESR 86 mm/hr, CRP 9.2 mg/dL) supported an inflammatory process.
Intravenous corticosteroid therapy led to rapid symptom improvement.
Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Implications:

Cotton wool patches can be an early presenting sign of GCA in ophthalmology.
Fluorescein angiography is valuable for detecting choroidal ischemia in suspected GCA.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent vision loss from GCA.