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Related Concept Videos

Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan biosynthesis begins in...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
What are Proteins?01:28

What are Proteins?

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino acids. However, polypeptides have a molecular weight of fewer than 10,000 daltons, while proteins have greater molecular weight.  Polypeptides with less than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides or simply peptides. Interactions among the constituent amino acid side chains of proteins help them fold into a stable 3-dimensional structure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
07:11

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

Introduction to peptide synthesis.

Gregg B Fields1

  • 1Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Current Protocols in Immunology
|April 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic peptides and proteins are vital commercial and pharmaceutical products. This overview covers their synthesis, purification, and common challenges for researchers in peptide chemistry.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
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Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology
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Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Published on: May 15, 2012

Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides
09:54

Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides

Published on: August 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthetic peptides have diverse applications, including pharmaceuticals like hormones (e.g., oxytocin) and food additives (e.g., aspartame).
  • The synthesis and purification of peptides are crucial for their therapeutic and commercial viability.
  • Advancements in peptide synthesis have enabled the production of complex peptide-based drugs and biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic peptide and protein chemistry.
  • To detail the essential steps and considerations in peptide synthesis and purification.
  • To highlight common challenges and solutions in the field of synthetic peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) principles.
  • Selection criteria for appropriate solid supports and coupling reagents.
  • Strategies for purification of synthetic peptides and proteins.

Main Results:

  • Overview of key synthetic strategies for peptides and proteins.
  • Identification of common side reactions and methods to mitigate them.
  • Guidance on synthesizing modified peptide residues for specific applications.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic peptides and proteins represent a significant class of compounds with broad applications.
  • Effective synthesis and purification techniques are critical for successful peptide-based product development.
  • Understanding common synthetic challenges aids in optimizing peptide production and quality.