Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a liver transplanted child

AIHA can complicate solid organ and bone marrow transplantation early after transplant. We describe the first case report of a 16-month-old boy with mixed type warm-acting IgM and warm IgG autoantibodies AIHA, occurring eight months after liver transplantation. This case describes the complexity of this very rare form of AIHA. It also illustrates the efficacy of rituximab in this indication, as well as the transfusion support with extremely rare blood, along with the importance of international collaboration to provide it. In this report, the etiologies of HA occurring in post-transplant pediatric patients are reviewed and the different treatment strategies are discussed.