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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Stereotype priming in face recognition: interactions between semantic and visual information in face encoding.

Peter J Hills1, Michael B Lewis, R C Honey

  • 1Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Broad Street, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK. peter.hills@anglia.ac.uk

Cognition
|April 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Presenting stereotype-congruent labels improves recognition of unfamiliar faces. This effect primarily occurs during the initial encoding of facial information, not during testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Facial recognition accuracy is influenced by contextual information.
  • Stereotype-congruent labels have been shown to enhance memory for faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of stereotype-congruent occupation labels on facial recognition.
  • To determine whether the label's influence occurs during encoding or retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using previously unfamiliar faces.
  • Participants were presented with stereotype-congruent occupation labels during encoding and/or testing.
  • Facial recognition accuracy was measured.

Main Results:

  • The presentation of stereotype-congruent occupation labels significantly improved facial recognition accuracy.
  • The label primarily influenced memory during the encoding phase.
  • The label had minimal impact on recognition when presented only at test.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic information congruent with novel stereotypical faces facilitates their encoding.
  • Occupation labels act as a powerful cue for encoding facial information.
  • This suggests that social categorization influences visual information processing.