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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

Overview
Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
07:37

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

Published on: June 25, 2017

The repABC plasmid family.

Miguel A Cevallos1, Ramón Cervantes-Rivera, Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos

  • 1Programa de Genómica evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. mac@ccg.unam.mx

Plasmid
|April 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RepABC plasmids are common in alpha-proteobacteria, particularly Rhizobiales. This review details their structural diversity, genetic regulation, and evolutionary origins, focusing on the essential repABC operon for replication and maintenance.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • RepABC plasmids are prevalent among alpha-proteobacteria, especially Rhizobiales.
  • Some Rhizobiales strains harbor multiple repABC replicons, suggesting diverse incompatibility groups.
  • Stable maintenance of these replicons relies on the repABC operon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the repABC plasmid family.
  • To emphasize structural diversity and complex genetic regulation.
  • To explore evolutionary origins and trends.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sequenced repABC operons.
  • Analysis of conserved and variable genetic elements.
  • Comparative genomics and evolutionary analysis.

Main Results:

  • RepABC operons consistently contain repA, repB, and repC genes.
  • RepA and RepB proteins are involved in plasmid segregation.
  • RepC protein is essential for replication, with the origin of replication located within the repC gene.
  • The centromere-like sequence (parS) exhibits variable positioning.

Conclusions:

  • RepABC plasmids display significant structural and regulatory diversity.
  • Understanding these plasmids is crucial for comprehending bacterial genetics and evolution.
  • Further research into their evolutionary trajectory is warranted.