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Burn Injuries

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

Published on: February 23, 2024

Paediatric burns caused by other children.

Ali Soueid¹, Helen King, Yvonne T Wilson

¹Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. alisoueid@hotmail.com

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS

|April 26, 2008

Summary

Burns inflicted by children on other children are uncommon. Deliberate burns in older boys often involve flames, occur outdoors, and require more intensive treatment and follow-up than accidental injuries.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric burn injuries
Child abuse and neglect
Forensic pediatrics

Background:

Burns inflicted by other children are a small but significant subset of pediatric burn admissions.
Understanding the characteristics of these injuries is crucial for appropriate management and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences between accidental and intentional burns inflicted by other children.
To identify demographic, injury, and outcome variations between these groups.

Main Methods:

Prospective observational audit of children admitted to a pediatric burns unit.
Data collected between January 1998 and December 2003.
Comparison of two groups: accidental (Group A) versus intentional (Group B) infliction.

Main Results:

Forty-seven patients were identified; 38 were male. Scalds accounted for 53% of injuries.
Intentional burns (Group B) were more common in older males (median age 12 years), involved flame injuries outdoors, and had larger total body surface area (TBSA) burns (mean 12.1% vs. 3.8%).
Group B patients had higher rates of separated parents (53.9%), poorer socioeconomic backgrounds (69.2%), required intensive care, more surgery (61.5%), and had poorer follow-up compliance (38.5%).

Conclusions:

Older male children are more likely to sustain significant, intentional burns outdoors.
These injuries present with distinct characteristics, including flame burns and greater TBSA involvement.
The study highlights challenges in verifying accounts of burn incidents and underscores the need for comprehensive psychosocial assessment.