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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
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Published on: February 22, 2019

The acute phase protein haptoglobin regulates host immunity.

Kristin M Huntoon1, Yanping Wang, Cheryl A Eppolito

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|April 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Haptoglobin (Hp), an acute phase protein, is crucial for immune cell function. Hp deficiency in mice impairs T and B cell development, adaptive immunity, and host defense against infections and tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Acute phase plasma proteins' role in immunity is unclear.
  • Haptoglobin (Hp), a hemoglobin-binding protein, is investigated for its immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of haptoglobin (Hp) in immune cell regulation.
  • To investigate the impact of Hp deficiency on adaptive immunity and host defense.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of Hp-deficient C57BL/6J mice.
  • Assessment of lymphoid organ development, immune cell counts, and adaptive immune responses.
  • In vitro culture of lymphocytes with Hp administration.

Main Results:

  • Hp-deficient mice showed stunted lymphoid organ development and reduced T and B cell populations.
  • Adaptive immune responses, including antibody production and T cell functions, were significantly impaired.
  • Hp administration partially restored immune cell function in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Haptoglobin plays a critical regulatory role in supporting B and T cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Hp is essential for effective adaptive immunity, host defense, and immune homeostasis.