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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases
11:20

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Published on: June 14, 2021

Vitrectomy for diabetic macular oedema.

D A H Laidlaw1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK. alistair.laidlaw@gstt.nhs.uk

Eye (London, England)
|April 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vitrectomy for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) may offer benefits, particularly when signs of vitreomacular traction are present. However, current evidence suggests surgery should be limited to these specific cases.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Surgical Interventions

Background:

  • Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a significant cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
  • Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure considered for managing DMO.
  • The precise mechanisms by which vitrectomy might benefit DMO remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the existing literature on the efficacy of vitrectomy for diabetic macular oedema.
  • To evaluate the current evidence supporting or refuting the use of vitrectomy in DMO management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating vitrectomy for DMO.
  • Analysis of both retrospective and prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials.

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Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Published on: June 14, 2021

Main Results:

  • While retrospective studies suggest potential benefits like improved visual acuity and reduced macular thickness, randomized controlled trials have not consistently demonstrated surgical benefit.
  • Proposed mechanisms for benefit include relief of vitreomacular traction, improved oxygenation, and altered growth factor diffusion.
  • Patient selection based on signs of vitreomacular traction (e.g., OCT findings, epiretinal membrane) shows promise in prospective studies, though not yet rigorously controlled.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests vitrectomy for DMO should be reserved for patients exhibiting clinical or OCT evidence of vitreomacular traction.
  • Further controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefit of vitrectomy in selected DMO patients.