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Related Concept Videos

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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Normalization of full-length enriched cDNA.

Ekaterina A Bogdanova1, Dmitry A Shagin, Sergey A Lukyanov

  • 1Shemiakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia.

Molecular Biosystems
|April 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing rare messages in cDNA libraries is challenging. Duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) normalization creates equalized cDNA, enabling efficient rare transcript discovery and analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Analyzing rare messages in cDNA libraries is difficult due to transcript abundance variations.
  • Equalized (normalized) cDNA is essential for rare transcript searches and analyses.
  • Various cDNA normalization methods exist, with some optimized for full-length enriched cDNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a cDNA normalization method using duplex-specific nuclease (DSN).
  • To enable efficient rare transcript discovery and analysis.
  • To highlight applications in transcriptome analysis and functional screening.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) from kamchatka crab.
  • Applies DSN properties for cDNA normalization.

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  • Generates normalized cDNA libraries.
  • Main Results:

    • DSN-normalization allows for the generation of normalized cDNA libraries.
    • This method facilitates a high gene discovery rate.
    • Enables effective analysis of rare transcripts.

    Conclusions:

    • DSN-normalization is an effective method for preparing cDNA libraries.
    • The technique significantly improves the discovery rate of rare genes.
    • This approach is valuable for transcriptome analysis and functional screening.