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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Due to the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Due to the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Published on: May 3, 2024

Chronic benign pain.

D A Klein¹, D P Greenfield

¹Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

|April 29, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic benign pain (CBP) involves persistent discomfort not linked to cancer. This review covers diagnosing and treating common CBP conditions like fibromyalgia and lower back pain.

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Area of Science:

Pain Medicine
Neurology
Rheumatology

Background:

Chronic benign pain (CBP) is a significant health concern.
It arises from inflammation, stress, or damage, excluding metastatic causes.
Patient pain complaints warrant serious consideration and diagnostic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnosis and treatment of common CBP syndromes.
To provide practitioners with information on managing CBP.

Main Methods:

Literature review of common CBP conditions.
Synthesis of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Fibromyalgia, lower back pain syndrome, sickle-cell disease, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, and peripheral neuropathies are common CBP syndromes.
Effective diagnostic and treatment approaches exist for these conditions.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for managing CBP.
Understanding these common CBP syndromes improves patient outcomes.