Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of ZnCoS/ZnCdS with Twin Crystal Structure for Multifunctional Redox Photocatalysis in Energy Applications
Published on: July 25, 2025
Solid-state photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition in a hydrogen-bonded metal complex containing several parallel and
Abdul Malik Puthan Peedikakkal1, Jagadese J Vittal
1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract:
One-dimensional hydrogen-bonded complex [Zn(bpe)(2)(H(2)O)(4)](NO(3))(2).8/3 H(2)O.2/3 bpe (1, bpe=4,4'-bipyridylethylene) containing coordination complex cations [Zn(bpe)(2)(H(2)O)(4)](2+) with parallel and crisscross double bonds undergoes photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition in the solid state and produces tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb) in up to 100 % yield with rctt-tpcb (2a) as major and rtct-tpcb (2b) as minor product. The bpe ligands with crisscross conformation of C=C bonds appear to undergo pedal-like motion prior to photodimerization. Grinding single crystals to powder accelerates the pedal motion of crisscrossed olefins in the bpe ligands to parallel alignment and provides the rctt-cyclobutane stereoisomer 2a quantitatively. In addition, 100 % photodimerization of ground 1 indicates that the free bpe ligands, which are remote from each other in a pool of water, and NO(3)(-) ions moved toward each other to give a mixture of rctt- and rtct-tpcb isomers.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

