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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

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Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
Vapor Pressure of Fluid01:28

Vapor Pressure of Fluid

The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
When a liquid is placed in a closed container with a small air space, and the space is evacuated, vapor molecules will...
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions
10:38

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Published on: June 6, 2017

New thermal diffusion coefficient measurements for hydrocarbon binary mixtures: viscosity and composition dependency.

Alana Leahy-Dios1, Lin Zhuo, Abbas Firoozabadi

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA. alana.leahy-dios@yale.edu

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New measurements of thermal diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures confirm nonmonotonic behavior with molecular weight. Mobility and disparity effects were quantified, revealing a close relationship between thermal diffusion and mixture viscosity.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

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Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices
08:29

Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices

Published on: June 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics
  • Transport Phenomena

Background:

  • Understanding the thermal diffusion behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures is crucial for various chemical engineering processes.
  • Previous studies have suggested complex relationships between molecular properties and thermal diffusion in binary mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure new thermal diffusion coefficients for n-decane-n-alkane and 1-methylnaphthalene-n-alkane binary mixtures.
  • To investigate the influence of molecular weight, mobility, and disparity effects on thermal diffusion.
  • To explore the relationship between thermal diffusion coefficients and mixture viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Thermogravitational column technique was employed for precise measurements.
  • Experiments were conducted at 25°C and 1 atm for mixtures with 25% and 75% concentrations.
  • A range of n-alkanes, from n-pentane to n-eicosane, were used as components.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed nonmonotonic behavior of thermal diffusion coefficients with increasing molecular weight for n-decane-n-alkane mixtures.
  • Quantified the contributions of mobility and disparity effects to the observed thermal diffusion.
  • Established a strong correlation between thermal diffusion coefficients and mixture viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides new experimental data on thermal diffusion in hydrocarbon mixtures.
  • Mobility and disparity effects play significant roles in the thermal diffusion behavior of these binary mixtures.
  • A close relationship exists between thermal diffusion coefficients and mixture viscosity, highlighting interconnectedness of non-equilibrium properties.