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Related Concept Videos

Psychosexual Theory of Development01:14

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's psychosexual...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal01:26

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal

Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development describes the anal stage as occurring between 18 months and three years of age. During this period, children derive pleasure from controlling and releasing their bowel movements. However, they quickly learn that societal expectations impose restrictions on when and where this can happen. This stage marks a critical point where children begin to develop a sense of control and mastery over their bodily functions, as well as their broader...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
07:06

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Completed suicide in childhood.

Kanita Dervic1, David A Brent, Maria A Oquendo

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/University Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. kanita.dervic@meduniwien.ac.at

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Childhood suicide rates are rising, with parental mood disorders, abuse, and family history increasing vulnerability. Further research into psychological factors is crucial for understanding and preventing youth suicide.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
07:06

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood suicide rates are increasing globally, necessitating urgent research and clinical attention.
  • Suicide in children under 14 presents with varying international rates (0-3.1 per 100,000), with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio.
  • Vulnerability is linked to parental mood disorders, impulsive aggression, family suicide history, childhood disorders, and abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the key risk factors and precipitants associated with suicide in children and young adolescents.
  • To underscore the need for psychologic autopsy studies in this specific age group.
  • To inform clinical awareness and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on suicide in children and young adolescents (up to 14 years).
  • Analysis of reported international suicide rates and demographic data.
  • Identification of psychiatric, biological, and psychosocial risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Key risk factors include parental mood disorders, family history of suicide, childhood affective/disruptive disorders, and abuse.
  • Post-pubertal increases in suicide risk are associated with depression and substance abuse onset.
  • Common precipitants involve school/family problems, transitions, stress, cognitive immaturity, impulsivity, and method availability.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood suicide is a complex issue influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors.
  • Serotonergic dysfunction is a potential biological correlate, though research is limited.
  • Psychologic autopsy studies are essential for a deeper understanding of suicide mechanisms in young individuals.