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IAPs: what's in a name?

Srinivasa M Srinivasula¹, Jonathan D Ashwell

¹Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

|April 29, 2008

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Cellular proteins called Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) were initially known for blocking cell death. Emerging research reveals their diverse roles in cell division and signaling, suggesting these non-apoptotic functions are primary.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Virology

Background:

Cellular proteins with Baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) motifs were first identified in insect viruses.
Initially, these proteins, known as Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), were primarily considered apoptosis inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of IAPs' roles in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cellular processes.
To explore the hypothesis that non-apoptotic functions represent the primary physiological activities of IAPs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on IAPs.
Analysis of studies detailing IAP functions beyond apoptosis inhibition.

Main Results:

IAPs possess diverse functions including mitotic chromosome segregation, cellular morphogenesis, copper homeostasis, and intracellular signaling.

Related Experiment Videos

A subset of IAPs containing a RING domain exhibit ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) activity, indicating multifaceted roles.

Conclusions:

The known functions of IAPs extend significantly beyond their initial description as apoptosis inhibitors.
Non-apoptotic roles of IAPs may constitute their primary physiological significance, warranting further investigation.