Ménière disease: diagnostic instrumental support

The current guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery entrust the diagnosis of Ménière disease (MD) only to the clinical presentation and the pure tone audiometry. However, most otolaryngologists request a widened instrumental evaluation of the patients suspected of MD. The effective reliability of the further instrumental support for the diagnosis of MD is still debated in the literature because of nonstandardized procedures and sometimes incoherence among authors. New and more sophisticated diagnostic tests have been developed both in audiovestibology and in imaging in the last few years. A review of the recent literature on this controversial subject is provided.