Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of Chemical Sensors, Microfluidics, and Analytical Microsystems in Future Mars Exploration.

Astrobiology·2026
Same author

The glymphatic system clears amyloid beta and tau from brain to plasma in humans.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A wireless device for continuous measurement of brain parenchymal resistance tracks glymphatic function in humans.

Nature biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Photochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.

Astrobiology·2025
Same author

Analysis of Multivariable Sensor Responses to Multi-Analyte Gas Samples in the Presence of Interferents and Humidity.

ACS sensors·2024
Same author

Quantifying Global Origin-Diagnostic Features and Patterns in Biotic and Abiotic Acyclic Lipids for Life Detection.

Astrobiology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays
10:44

Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays

Published on: November 13, 2017

Optical scanner for immunoassays with up-converting phosphorescent labels.

Janice J Li1, Amy L Ouellette, Laurent Giovangrandi

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. janice.li@sri.com

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel 2-D optical scanner enhances immunoassays by imaging up-converting phosphor (UCP) labels. This technology improves accuracy and speeds assay development for detecting biomarkers like interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

More Related Videos

Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform
09:02

Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform

Published on: November 10, 2016

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces
07:42

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces

Published on: March 19, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays
10:44

Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays

Published on: November 13, 2017

Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform
09:02

Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform

Published on: November 10, 2016

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces
07:42

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces

Published on: March 19, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunoassay Technology

Background:

  • Immunoassays require sensitive and accurate detection methods.
  • Up-converting phosphor (UCP) labels offer unique optical properties for bioassays.
  • Existing optical scanning methods can be limited in speed and spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a 2-D optical scanner for UCP label imaging in immunoassays.
  • To establish a microfluidic chip immunoassay for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) detection using the developed scanner.
  • To demonstrate the advantages of 2-D imaging over traditional 1-D scanning for assay optimization.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-D optical scanner with sub-500-micrometer resolution and 0.4 mm/s scan rate was engineered.
  • A microfluidic chip immunoassay was developed for detecting IFN-gamma using UCP labels.
  • Image processing techniques and a five-parameter logistic model were used for signal extraction and quantification.

Main Results:

  • The scanner achieved a detection limit of <100 UCP particles and a dynamic range over three orders of magnitude.
  • The IFN-gamma immunoassay detected concentrations as low as 3 pM (50 pg/mL) from 100 µL samples.
  • Assay development time was reduced, with total assay time under one hour, including an 8-minute readout.

Conclusions:

  • The 2-D optical scanner provides high sensitivity, repeatability, and dynamic range for UCP label quantification.
  • The developed microfluidic immunoassay offers rapid and accurate detection of IFN-gamma.
  • 2-D imaging facilitates characterization of label distribution, improving assay accuracy and development efficiency.