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Related Concept Videos

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...
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Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
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Dry Friction

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Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors
08:49

Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors

Published on: December 21, 2019

Human-induced Arctic moistening.

Seung-Ki Min1, Xuebin Zhang, Francis Zwiers

  • 1Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human activities, including greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols, have demonstrably altered Arctic precipitation patterns. This research confirms human-induced moistening, impacting Arctic river discharge and ocean water masses.

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Arctic Research
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • The Arctic and northern subpolar regions are crucial for global climate regulation.
  • Ice-albedo feedback amplifies Arctic warming.
  • Freshwater inflow variations influence global ocean circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of anthropogenic factors on Arctic precipitation.
  • To compare climate model simulations with observational data.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of observational data with simulations from 22 coupled climate models.
  • Analysis of precipitation changes in high-latitude land areas (north of 55 degrees N) during the latter half of the 20th century.

Main Results:

  • Identified the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols on Arctic precipitation patterns.
  • Observed human-induced Arctic moistening aligns with increased Arctic river discharge.
  • Observed freshening of Arctic water masses is consistent with model findings.

Conclusions:

  • Human activity has significantly contributed to hydrological changes in the Arctic.
  • Anthropogenic factors play a key role in altering Arctic precipitation and freshwater systems.