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Related Concept Videos

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks.

Ines Wilhelm1, Susanne Diekelmann, Jan Born

  • 1Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Sleep aids declarative memory consolidation in children and adults similarly. However, sleep hinders procedural memory skill improvement in children, unlike adults, suggesting developmental differences in sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Sleep is crucial for memory consolidation in adults.
  • Childhood involves significant brain plasticity and sleep.
  • The role of sleep in children's memory consolidation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of nocturnal sleep versus daytime wakefulness on memory consolidation in children and adults.
  • To investigate sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative and procedural memories across development.

Main Methods:

  • 15 children (6-8 years) and 15 adults participated.
  • Tested declarative memory (word-pair associates, 2D object location) and procedural memory (finger sequence tapping).
  • Compared memory retention after nocturnal sleep versus daytime wakefulness.

Main Results:

  • Sleep significantly benefited declarative memory retention in both children and adults.
  • Children showed less improvement in procedural memory (finger tapping) after sleep compared to wakefulness.
  • Adults demonstrated sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation, unlike children.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation is comparable in children and adults.
  • Procedural memory consolidation is influenced by developmental stage, with sleep potentially hindering skill acquisition in young children.
  • Sleep's role in memory consolidation varies across different memory types and developmental periods.