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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types
06:33

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

Published on: June 28, 2024

Nuclear functions in space and time: gene expression in a dynamic, constrained environment.

Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy1, Angus I Lamond

  • 1Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom. l.trinklemulcahy@dundee.ac.uk

FEBS Letters
|April 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic cells use the nucleus to separate gene transcription from protein translation. New in vivo and genome-wide studies reveal surprising insights into nuclear structure and gene regulation.

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types
06:33

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

Published on: June 28, 2024

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize the genome within the nucleus, separating transcription from cytoplasmic translation.
  • Fundamental questions persist regarding chromosome structure and gene expression, particularly the interplay between genome organization and transcription machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between spatial genome organization and gene expression within the nucleus.
  • To highlight surprising findings from recent in vivo and genome-wide studies that challenge existing models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing powerful in vivo approaches to study cellular processes in their native environment.
  • Employing genome-wide screens for high-throughput analysis of structural and functional genomic parameters.

Main Results:

  • In vivo studies are testing established in vitro concepts within the dynamic cellular context.
  • Genome-wide screens provide rapid, high-throughput analyses of genomic structures and functions.
  • Several studies have yielded unexpected results, prompting re-evaluation of current models.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research using advanced in vivo and genome-wide techniques has uncovered novel aspects of nuclear organization.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of established models for nuclear structure and gene regulation in eukaryotic cells.