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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
09:37

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

Published on: August 25, 2021

AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma regulate tumor progression via specific genetic programs.

Francesca Orso1, Elisa Penna, Daniela Cimino

  • 1Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|April 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

AP-2 transcription factors are crucial for embryonic development and tumor suppression. Down-regulating AP-2 enhances tumor growth and reduces chemotherapy effectiveness, highlighting its role in cancer progression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
09:37

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

Published on: August 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Tumorigenesis shares similarities with embryonic morphogenesis.
  • AP-2 transcription factors (AP-2alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon) are vital for embryonic development.
  • Phenotypes of knockout mice confirm the developmental roles of AP-2 proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma in tumorigenesis.
  • To understand how AP-2 expression affects tumor growth, chemotherapy response, and cell migration.
  • To identify genetic programs regulated by AP-2alpha in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) to down-modulate AP-2 expression in tumor cells.
  • AP-2 overexpression to rescue biological modulations.
  • Xenotransplantation assays to assess tumor growth and immune cell recruitment.
  • Whole genome microarray analysis of AP-2alpha knockdown cells.

Main Results:

  • Down-modulation of AP-2 expression enhanced tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion while reducing chemotherapy-induced cell death.
  • AP-2 overexpression rescued these effects.
  • Tumor growth was linked to increased proliferation and reduced innate immune cell recruitment.
  • AP-2alpha regulates genes involved in cell cycle, cell death, adhesion, and migration, including ESDN, EREG, and CXCL2, which are critical for migration.

Conclusions:

  • AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma play essential roles in suppressing tumorigenesis.
  • Modulating AP-2 expression impacts tumor growth, response to chemotherapy, and cell migration.
  • AP-2alpha controls key genes that influence cancer progression, offering potential therapeutic targets.