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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

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Related Experiment Video

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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Critically elucidating the role of selenium.

Jean-Louis Vincent1, Xavier Forceville

  • 1Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. jlvincen@ulb.ac.be

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|April 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Selenium levels are often low in critically ill patients, potentially worsening outcomes. While supplementation may help, more research is needed to confirm benefits and optimal dosing for selenium therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Trace element metabolism

Background:

  • Critically ill patients, particularly those with septic shock, frequently exhibit decreased selenium concentrations.
  • Low selenium levels are hypothesized to correlate with poorer clinical outcomes in severe illness.
  • Selenoenzymes are crucial for antioxidant defense, despite the body's low total selenium content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current role and efficacy of selenium supplementation in critically ill patients.
  • To investigate the potential benefits of selenium administration in severe illness.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding selenium's mechanism, optimal dosing, and patient selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical trials and studies on selenium supplementation in critically ill populations.
  • Analysis of data on selenium concentrations in plasma and whole blood.
  • Assessment of reported clinical outcomes following selenium administration.

Main Results:

  • Consistent findings of reduced selenium concentrations in critically ill patients, especially with septic shock.
  • Clinical trials have not provided conclusive evidence of improved outcomes with selenium supplementation.
  • The relationship between low selenium and adverse outcomes requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium is vital for antioxidant defense via selenoenzymes.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate selenium's precise mechanism of action and confirm therapeutic benefits.
  • Optimal dosing strategies and patient populations for selenium supplementation remain to be determined.
  • The pro-oxidant effects and toxicity of various selenocompounds need further evaluation, particularly in septic shock.