[Analysis of decrease in sensitivity in influenza A (H5N1) avian and human strains to neuraminidase inhibitors]
1Centro de Referencia de la Gripe Illes Balears, Unidad de Virología. jreina@hsd.es
Summary
Avian influenza A (H5N1) antiviral drug resistance is increasing, particularly to oseltamivir. Zanamivir remains effective, highlighting its importance for pandemic preparedness against H5N1 virus.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Context:
- Avian influenza A (H5N1) poses a significant pandemic threat.
- Antigenic mutations in H5N1 viruses hinder vaccine development.
- Antiviral drugs are crucial for early pandemic control.
Purpose:
- To assess the sensitivity of H5N1 virus strains to neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs).
- To evaluate the efficacy of zanamivir and oseltamivir against evolving H5N1 strains.
Summary:
- H5N1 virus strains show varying sensitivity to NIs, with clade II strains exhibiting decreased susceptibility to oseltamivir.
- Reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir is noted in Cambodian and Indonesian clade 2 H5N1 isolates, which remain pathogenic.
- No altered sensitivity to zanamivir has been detected, suggesting its continued utility.
Impact:
- Zanamivir's consistent efficacy makes it vital for pandemic influenza stockpiles.
- Global collaboration and phenotypic testing are essential for monitoring H5N1 antiviral resistance.
- Understanding resistance patterns is critical for effective H5N1 pandemic response strategies.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
01:27Influenza
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
00:36Viral Mutations
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...