Evidence-based comprehensive treatments for early autism
Sally J Rogers1, Laurie A Vismara
1M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817, USA. sally.rogers@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Summary
Early intervention for children with autism shows benefits in group analyses, improving development and reducing symptoms. However, long-term adult outcomes and the most effective early autism interventions require further research.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
- Pediatric Medicine
Background:
- Early intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex.
- Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate short- and long-term benefits.
- Group-level improvements in functioning and behavior are observed.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review empirical studies of comprehensive early autism interventions since 1998.
- Identify research gaps regarding intervention efficacy and moderators.
- Assess the degree of expected short- and long-term improvements.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of empirical studies on comprehensive early autism treatments.
- Analysis of studies published from 1998 onwards.
- Evaluation of methodological rigor using established criteria.
Main Results:
- Lovaas's treatment meets criteria for "well-established."
- No treatments meet "probably efficacious" criteria; three meet "possibly efficacious."
- Most studies had Type 2 or 3 methodological rigor.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports the benefit of early intervention for autism at a group level.
- Significant questions remain about long-term adult functioning and optimal interventions.
- Further research is needed to establish efficacy, identify moderators, and determine expected outcomes.
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