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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

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Published on: February 14, 2018

Current options in antifungal pharmacotherapy.

John Mohr1, Melissa Johnson, Travis Cooper

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA. john.mohr@cubist.com

Pharmacotherapy
|May 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Fungal infections from yeasts and molds cause significant illness and death. While new antifungal drugs offer promise, treatment challenges remain due to evolving fungal strains and drug limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Yeasts and molds cause serious infections with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals are at risk.
  • Existing antifungal therapies face challenges due to evolving fungal epidemiology and drug-specific toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of antifungal drug development.
  • To highlight the challenges in managing invasive fungal infections.
  • To discuss promising investigational antifungal and non-antifungal agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent antifungal drug development.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and challenges.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies for fungal infections.

Main Results:

  • Despite advances, optimal treatment for fungal infections remains elusive.
  • Antifungal drug development faces hurdles including toxicity and drug interactions.
  • Investigational agents show potential for improved management.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research into novel antifungal therapies is crucial.
  • Addressing drug toxicity and interactions is key to effective treatment.
  • Emerging drugs offer hope for better outcomes in invasive fungal infections.