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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

Learning and memory facilitate predictive tracking in 4-month-olds.

Scott P Johnson1, Sarah M Shuwairi

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. scott.johnson@ucla.edu

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|May 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four-month-old infants can learn to anticipate a moving object

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Infant visual perception

Background:

  • Infants' predictive eye movements are crucial for interacting with the environment.
  • Understanding how early experiences shape predictive abilities is key to cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 4-month-old infants' oculomotor anticipations.
  • To examine the role of prior exposure and memory in developing predictive eye movements.

Main Methods:

  • Infants viewed a repetitive, occluded target trajectory.
  • Five conditions tested baseline, full training, delay, reminder, and brief training effects.
  • Oculomotor anticipations were measured via eye movements.

Main Results:

  • Infants showed limited anticipation at baseline.
  • Full training significantly increased anticipatory eye movements.
  • Training effects diminished after a 30-min delay but were restored with a reminder.
  • Brief exposure alone did not enhance anticipation.

Conclusions:

  • Four-month-olds demonstrate learning from short-term experience regarding visual predictions.
  • Both short-term experience and memory consolidation appear necessary for sustained predictive oculomotor control.
  • Findings shed light on early learning mechanisms and predictive processing in infancy.