Trends in obesity and its distribution: data from the Northern Sweden MONICA Survey, 1986-2004

Obesity, especially abdominal, is a risk factor for many diseases. This study explored trends in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity, 1986-2004, in northern Sweden.

Cross-sectional population surveys were performed in 1986, 1990, 1994, 1999, and 2004; 250 men and 250 women aged 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years (from 1994, also 65-74 years) were randomly selected; the overall participation rate was 77%. Anthropometric data were used.

Weight and BMI increased in all men, most significantly in men aged 25-64 years (P<0.0005). Weight increased in women aged 25-64 years (P<0.005) and BMI in women aged 25-44 years (P<0.005). Prevalence of obesity (BMI>or=30) increased significantly in men aged 25-44 and 55-74 years (P<0.005; for men 65-74 years old, P<0.05) and in women aged 25-44 years (P<0.005). Waist circumference decreased significantly between 1986 and 1990 in all women (P<0.005) and in men aged 55-64 years (P<0.05). After 1990 waist circumference increased, most markedly so in women; by 2004 circumference measurements for women, and for men aged 55-64 years, were equal to those of 1986, while for men aged 25-54 years they were higher. Prevalence of abdominal obesity has increased since 1990, most markedly so in women aged 45-64 years (P<0.0005).

The rapid increase in both general and central obesity raises concern for the future; increasing abdominal obesity in women is particularly alarming.