Preparation of pH-sensitive, long-circulating and EGFR-targeted immunoliposomes

A long-circulating formulation of pH-sensitive liposomes (PSLs) with antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) attached was designed, expecting an increase in binding and delivery of liposomes to the target cells including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Physicochemical properties of the PSLs were measured by SEM and DLS. Leakage of a self-quenching fluorescent probe, calcein, from the liposome was studied for the evaluation of pH-sensitivity. Encapsulation efficiency of gemcitabine (an anti-cancer drug) in PSLs was about 67%. Average size of liposomes was 88 nm in diameter. The PSL of DOPE/CHEMS (6:4 molar ratio) formulation showed a dramatic pH-sensitivity at/around pH 5.5, whereas non-PSL of DPPC/Chol or PC/CHEMS formulation did not. Anti-proliferation effect of gemcitabine-encapsulating PSLs & Ab-PSLs in A549 cells was 2-fold higher than the free drug, which was further elucidated by the apoptosis of the cells by gemcitabine (approximately 10% apoptosis for PSL or Ab-PSL formulation vs. approximately 1% for free drug or non-PSL formulation) using FACS analysis. These data demonstrate delivery of gemcitabine to tumor cells can be improved by long-circulating PSLs or Ab-PSLs formulations in vitro.