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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Whole-cell Super-Resolution Imaging via DNA-PAINT on a Spinning Disk Confocal with Optical Photon Reassignment
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Handheld subcellular-resolution single-fiber confocal microscope using high-reflectivity two-axis vertical combdrive

Karthik Kumar1, Kazunori Hoshino, Xiaojing Zhang

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. kkumar@mail.utexas.edu

Biomedical Microdevices
|May 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a portable, handheld confocal microscope for early, biopsy-free detection of epithelial precancers. The device offers high-resolution imaging for improved cancer screening in diverse settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging
  • Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

  • Epithelial precancers require early detection for effective treatment.
  • Current screening methods can be invasive, costly, or inaccessible in low-resource settings.
  • A portable, economical, and biopsy-free screening technology is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a handheld single-fiber laser-scanning confocal microscope for in vivo early detection of epithelial precancers.
  • To develop a portable and economical solution for precancer screening in low-infrastructure environments.
  • To enable biopsy-free early precancer screening.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based handheld probe.
  • Integration of a high-reflectivity two-axis silicon vertical combdrive microscanner with a miniature objective lens system.
  • Forward-imaging configuration with a 4.8 mm distal probe tip outer diameter.

Main Results:

  • Acquisition of reflectance confocal videos of a resolution target and biological samples.
  • Achieved a field of view of 200 microm x 110 microm.
  • Obtained 0.80 microm lateral and 9.55 microm axial resolution at 3.5-5.0 frames per second.

Conclusions:

  • The developed handheld confocal microscope enables precise evaluation of cellular features indicative of epithelial precancers.
  • Potential for improved early detection of precancers in sites like the oral cavity and cervix.
  • Future improvements in objective numerical aperture can further enhance diagnostic capabilities.