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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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Related Experiment Video

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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Dual-task performance in late proficient bilinguals.

Gjurgjica Badzakova-Trajkov1, Ian J Kirk, Karen E Waldie

  • 1The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Laterality
|May 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that bilinguals exhibit greater right-hemisphere engagement in both their first (L1) and second (L2) languages compared to monolinguals, suggesting more bilateral brain involvement in language processing for bilinguals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Hemispheric specialization is a key concept in understanding brain function for language.
  • Previous research suggests left-hemisphere dominance for language, particularly in monolinguals.
  • The extent of hemispheric involvement in bilinguals, especially late learners in an L2 environment, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hemispheric specialization for first language (L1) and second language (L2) in proficient bilinguals.
  • To compare language processing in bilinguals versus monolinguals using a dual-task paradigm.
  • To explore the role of the right hemisphere in L1 and L2 processing in bilinguals residing in an L2 environment.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-task was employed, combining speeded tapping with concurrent silent and aloud reading.
  • Participants included late proficient bilinguals living in an L2 environment and matched monolinguals.
  • Handedness interference during tapping served as a measure of language lateralization and processing load.

Main Results:

  • Both bilinguals and monolinguals showed greater right-hand interference during concurrent tasks, indicating left-lateralized speech.
  • Reading aloud resulted in more interference than silent reading for all participants.
  • Bilinguals exhibited greater left-hand interference than monolinguals in both L1 and L2, suggesting increased right-hemisphere participation.

Conclusions:

  • Late proficient bilinguals living in an L2 environment show more bilateral hemispheric involvement for both L1 and L2.
  • The right hemisphere may play a more significant role in language tasks for bilinguals compared to monolinguals.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neuroplasticity of language representation in bilingual brains.