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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Celebral vasculitis and autoimmune thyreoiditis].

M Rössler1, J M Klotz

  • 1Klinikum Bad Salzungen gGmbH, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Funktionsbereich Neurologie (Chefarzt Dr. med. J. Ostermann), Bad Salzungen.

Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy, a neurological disorder, may stem from autoimmune thyroiditis and vasculitis. This case report suggests a potential vasculitic origin for the condition, offering new insights into its pathogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), also known as steroid responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), presents with diverse neurological symptoms.
  • The exact cause of HE remains unclear, necessitating further research into its underlying mechanisms.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old male experienced a right posterior cerebral artery infarction.
  • This event was associated with angiographically confirmed cerebral vasculitis and autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • The patient's clinical presentation closely mimicked that of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.

Findings:

  • The co-occurrence of cerebral infarction, vasculitis, and autoimmune thyroiditis in this patient provides a unique clinical observation.
  • This case supports the hypothesis that vasculitis may play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.

Implications:

  • Understanding the potential vasculitic origin of HE could lead to more targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation into the link between autoimmune thyroiditis, vasculitis, and neurological dysfunction is warranted.