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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Structural basis for HLA-A2 supertypes.

Pandjassarame Kangueane1, Meena Kishore Sakharkar

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles show diverse peptide-binding specificities. This study reveals the structural basis for HLA-A2 supertypes, explaining how different alleles within a supertype bind similar peptides.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are highly polymorphic across ethnic populations.
  • HLA alleles exhibit combinatorial peptide-binding specificities.
  • HLA supertypes group alleles with similar peptide-binding characteristics, but the structural basis is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular and structural basis for HLA-A2 supertype function.
  • To understand how different HLA-A2 alleles within a supertype bind similar peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing structural data for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles.
  • Comparative structural analysis focusing on HLA-A2 alleles and their peptide-binding sites.

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
08:07

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

Main Results:

  • Identification of key structural features responsible for the conserved peptide-binding properties within HLA-A2 supertypes.
  • Demonstration of how subtle structural variations contribute to distinct peptide repertoires among similar HLA-A2 alleles.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights explain the functional similarities observed in HLA-A2 supertypes.
  • Understanding the structural basis of HLA supertypes is crucial for predicting peptide binding and immune responses.