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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

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Published on: March 10, 2021

HistoCheck. Evaluating structural and functional MHC similarities.

David S DeLuca1, Rainer Blasczyk

  • 1Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HistoCheck visualizes structural differences in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, aiding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching for stem cell transplants. Understanding these structural similarities helps minimize graft versus host disease (GvHD) risks when exact matches are unavailable.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD).
  • Exact HLA matching is not always feasible, necessitating an understanding of structural similarities between mismatched alleles.
  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides to T-cell receptors (TCRs), influencing immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the HistoCheck webtool for visualizing structural differences among related MHC molecules.
  • To provide clinicians and researchers with a tool to assess HLA compatibility beyond exact sequence matching.
  • To aid in understanding how different HLA alleles present similar peptide structures to the TCR.

Main Methods:

  • The HistoCheck webtool analyzes amino acid sequences of MHC alleles.
  • It identifies and summarizes amino acid mismatches, their positions, and functional implications.
  • The tool generates 3-dimensional (3D) visualizations of MHC molecule structures and their interactions.

Main Results:

  • HistoCheck offers a comprehensive summary of sequence and structural variations between MHC alleles.
  • It provides visual representations of potential structural similarities relevant to TCR binding.
  • The webtool facilitates the interpretation of HLA matching complexities.

Conclusions:

  • HistoCheck is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in HLA matching for HSCT.
  • The tool enhances the understanding of structural similarities between non-identical HLA alleles.
  • Utilizing HistoCheck can improve the selection of compatible donors and recipients, potentially reducing GvHD incidence.