Pulmonary hypertension: a review for nurses

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease resulting from increased pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodelling and thrombosis, leading to right heart failure. Symptoms at clinical presentation are often vague and difficult to differentiate from other diseases. A good history and identification of key physical findings will facilitate earlier diagnosis resulting in tailored treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. This article will provide an overview of PH including pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and treatment modalities with a Canadian perspective. The main focus is directed towards the care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Implications for nursing will also be discussed, focusing on education and support of patients and families.