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Related Concept Videos

Arteries and Arterioles01:16

Arteries and Arterioles

Arteries, the vasculature responsible for transporting blood from the heart, possess robust walls capable of enduring the elevated pressures exerted by the heartbeat. Arteries near the heart are especially thick-walled and enriched with elastic fibers across their three tunics, classifying them as elastic or conducting arteries. These arteries, usually with a diameter exceeding 10 mm, are characterized by their ability to dilate in response to the blood pumped from the heart's ventricles and...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure01:10

Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure

Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. To ensure the reliability of these measurements, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized pre-procedural guidelines. These guidelines enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of healthcare. The following steps are essential for obtaining accurate and consistent blood pressure readings, from using the appropriate tools to ensuring effective communication with the patient.
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...

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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Arterial function in youth: window into cardiovascular risk.

Bo Fernhall1, Stamatis Agiovlasitis

  • 1Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Kinesiology and Community Health Department, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illiois, USA. fernhall@uiuc.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Arterial health in youth, measured by intima-media thickness (IMT), endothelial function, and arterial stiffness, is impacted by cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle interventions like exercise and diet show promise in improving arterial function in children.

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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease risk factors manifest in childhood, impacting long-term arterial health.
  • Noninvasive measures like intima-media thickness (IMT), endothelial function, and arterial stiffness assess arterial health.
  • Childhood cardiovascular morbidities can lead to adverse adult health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine developmental changes in arterial function (IMT, endothelial function, arterial stiffness) in healthy youth.
  • To contrast arterial health in healthy youth versus youth with cardiovascular morbidities.
  • To evaluate the impact of lifestyle interventions on arterial function in youth.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT).
  • Measurement of endothelial function.
  • Assessment of arterial stiffness in youth aged 5–20 years.
  • Comparison between healthy youth and those with cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Evaluation of lifestyle interventions (exercise, diet).

Main Results:

  • In healthy youth (5–20 years), IMT slightly increases, arterial stiffness increases, and endothelial function remains stable.
  • Youth with cardiovascular risk factors exhibit greater increases in IMT and arterial stiffness, and reduced endothelial function.
  • Exercise and physical activity demonstrate a protective effect on arterial function.
  • Combined exercise and diet interventions are more effective than either alone in improving children's arterial function.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular risk factors negatively impact youth arterial health, potentially initiating atherosclerosis early.
  • Exercise and combined lifestyle interventions can improve arterial function in at-risk youth.
  • Further research is needed on mechanisms, optimal interventions, and long-term benefits of childhood interventions.