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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

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Participant Modeling
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Critical Thinking01:19

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Lessons to take home from CATIE.

William T Carpenter1, Robert W Buchanan

  • 1Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA. wcarpent@mprc.umaryland.edu

Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) found no superiority for second-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia treatment. Individualizing medication based on side effect profiles, not just efficacy, is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials Research

Background:

  • The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study investigated the efficacy and effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.
  • Previous assumptions suggested superiority of second-generation antipsychotics over first-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the superiority of second-generation antipsychotic drugs compared to first-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia.
  • To analyze the efficacy and adverse effect profiles of different antipsychotic classes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the publicly funded Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study.
  • Comparison of therapeutic properties and adverse effect profiles between first- and second-generation antipsychotics.

Main Results:

  • The CATIE study did not support superiority hypotheses for second-generation antipsychotics.
  • First- and second-generation antipsychotics demonstrated similar efficacy for psychosis but varied adverse effect profiles.
  • Clozapine showed documented superiority only in treatment-resistant schizophrenia cases.

Conclusions:

  • The distinction between first- and second-generation antipsychotics based on efficacy is not supported by effectiveness data.
  • Individualizing pharmacotherapy is essential to optimize the benefit-to-risk ratio for patients.
  • Clinicians should prioritize minimizing adverse effects, such as tardive dyskinesia and metabolic effects, while maintaining efficacy.