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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

Mitogen-activated protein kinase assays.

Martine Torres1

  • 1Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) utilize mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for essential host defense functions. Understanding MAPK activation is crucial for deciphering neutrophil responses to pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular signaling

Background:

  • Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are critical for host defense against bacterial and fungal infections.
  • PMN execute functions like adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and NADPH oxidase activation.
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key signaling molecules in cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of MAPK pathways in mediating PMN cellular activities.
  • To highlight advancements in methods for studying MAPK activation in neutrophils.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pharmacological inhibitors to study MAPK involvement in PMN functions.
  • Employing antibodies specific to active MAPKs to assess activation states.

Main Results:

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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Published on: July 17, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
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Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
07:49

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

Published on: July 17, 2019

  • MAPK pathways are integral to signal transduction in PMN.
  • Pharmacological inhibition studies indicate MAPKs mediate agonist-triggered PMN activities.

Conclusions:

  • MAPK signaling is fundamental to neutrophil function and host defense.
  • New MAPK inhibitors and activation detection methods promise deeper insights into neutrophil biology.