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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

[Neuromodulation for Parkinson's disease].

Jun Takahashi¹

¹Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology

|May 6, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment using stem cell therapy shows promise. Transplanted dopaminergic neurons derived from embryonic stem cells restored function in primate models, offering hope for future clinical applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

Published on: May 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Context:

Parkinson's disease (PD) involves progressive loss of dopamine neurons.
Current treatments like deep brain stimulation (DBS) manage symptoms.
Fetal cell transplantation faces ethical and practical limitations.

Purpose:

To investigate the potential of induced dopaminergic (DA) neurons from monkey embryonic stem (ES) cells for Parkinson's disease treatment.
To assess the efficacy and safety of ES cell-derived DA neuron transplantation in a primate model of PD.

Summary:

DA neurons were successfully generated from monkey ES cells.
Transplantation into MPTP-treated monkeys (a PD model) resulted in functional recovery.
Behavioral and imaging studies confirmed the transplanted cells acted as DA neurons, alleviating PD symptoms.
Human ES cell-derived DA neurons also showed functional recovery in rat PD models.
Tumor formation from undifferentiated ES cells remains a challenge, necessitating their elimination for safe transplantation.

Impact:

Demonstrates the potential of ES cell-derived DA neurons as a viable cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease.
Highlights the need to address safety concerns, specifically tumor formation, for clinical translation.
Paves the way for future clinical applications of stem cell therapy in treating neurodegenerative disorders like PD.