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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ meats, shellfish,...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit
07:38

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

Fat-soluble vitamins in human lactation.

J M Campos1, J A Paixão, C Ferraz

  • 1Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition
|May 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human milk vitamin levels vary by lactation phase and maternal delivery history. Early lactation milk, particularly colostrum, shows higher vitamin A and E, potentially exceeding infant dietary recommendations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit
07:38

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Human Nutrition
  • Lactation Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human milk composition changes significantly throughout lactation, with distinct phases: colostrum, transition, and mature milk.
  • Fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids generally decrease as total fat content rises post-delivery.
  • Limited data exists on vitamin concentrations in transition and mature milk phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify vitamin A and E concentrations across lactation phases in primiparous and multiparous mothers.
  • To analyze variations in vitamin levels based on lactation phase and parity.
  • To assess the nutritional adequacy of breast milk vitamins for infant dietary needs.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of vitamin A and E concentrations in human milk samples.
  • Stratification of samples by lactation phase (colostrum, transition, mature).
  • Analysis of milk samples from mothers with varying numbers of deliveries (primiparous vs. multiparous).

Main Results:

  • Lactation phase and number of deliveries significantly impacted vitamin A levels.
  • Vitamin A and E concentrations showed a marked decline during early lactation.
  • Inter-group differences in retinol were significant in early lactation milk; variability decreased over time.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal parity and lactation stage are critical determinants of vitamin A and E content in breast milk.
  • Early lactation milk, especially colostrum, provides substantial amounts of vitamins A and E, potentially exceeding recommended intakes.
  • Further research is needed to understand vitamin dynamics in later lactation phases.