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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

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Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
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Evaluating phosphorus loss from a Florida spodosol as affected by phosphorus-source application methods.

S Agyin-Birikorang1, G A O'Connor, S R Brinton

  • 1Soil and Water Sci. Dep., Univ. of Florida, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611-0510, USA. agyin@ufl.edu

Journal of Environmental Quality
|May 6, 2008
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Phosphorus (P) source solubility, not application method (surface vs. incorporated), significantly impacts P loss in sandy Florida soils. This finding is crucial for managing nutrient runoff and protecting water quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) runoff is a significant environmental concern, with incorporation of P sources recommended to mitigate losses.
  • Sandy soils with low P retention capacity are prone to P leaching, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of application methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of P source characteristics and application methods on P losses from sandy Spodosols.
  • To compare P losses (soluble reactive P, total dissolved P, total P, bioavailable P) from surface-applied versus incorporated biosolids and inorganic fertilizer.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on a Florida Spodosol (Immokalee fine sand).
  • Six P sources (five biosolids, one fertilizer) were applied at 224 kg P ha⁻¹, either surface-applied or incorporated to 5 cm.
  • Runoff and leachate were collected over three simulated rainfall events and analyzed for various P forms.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative P losses (runoff + leachate) were similar regardless of whether P sources were surface-applied or incorporated.
  • The solubility of the P source was the primary factor influencing P loss potential in these low P-sorbing soils.

Conclusions:

  • For soils with low P retention, the P-source application method has minimal effect on total P loss.
  • Focusing on the inherent solubility of P sources is more critical than application technique for minimizing P loss in such environments.