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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
10:35

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive concepts.

Bernhard Nölle1

  • 1Dept. of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Developments in Ophthalmology
|May 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmologists can treat dry eye disease (sicca syndrome) with various options, from lubricants to systemic immunosuppressants. Individualized treatment strategies are crucial as no official guidelines exist.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Symptomatic dry eye disease (sicca syndrome) is a common condition encountered by ophthalmologists.
  • Understanding the multifactorial nature of sicca syndrome is key to effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment options for dry eye disease.
  • To provide an overview of topical, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of relevant publications from Medline (1966-2006).

Main Results:

  • Local treatment modalities for dry eye are detailed.
  • Immunosuppressive agents are characterized by mechanism, side effects, and monitoring parameters.
  • New biological agents applicable to dry eye treatment are presented.

More Related Videos

Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples
09:05

Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples

Published on: November 30, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
10:35

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples
09:05

Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples

Published on: November 30, 2011

Conclusions:

  • A broad spectrum of treatments, including lubricants and systemic immunosuppressants, is available for dry eye patients.
  • Current treatment strategies are individualized due to the absence of official guidelines.
  • Treatment escalation should be guided by clinical experience and patient response.