Cardiovascular disease in blacks: can we stop the clock?

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Hypertension Research

Background:

• Blacks exhibit disproportionately high rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), characterized by earlier onset, increased severity, and significant target organ damage.
• Associated risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic disparities, and challenges in treatment adherence and goal achievement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the substantial burden of cardiovascular disease within the Black population.
• To outline therapeutic lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic interventions for reducing clinical events in this high-risk demographic.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on cardiovascular disease in Black individuals.
• Focus is placed on therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatments.

Main Results:

• Intensive blood pressure control is identified as a key strategy to mitigate the progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
• Thiazide diuretics are recommended as first-line agents for uncomplicated hypertension; calcium channel blockers are also effective.

Conclusions:

• Renin-angiotensin system modulators may offer additional benefits, particularly when combined with diuretics, given the high prevalence of indications for their use in this population.
• Effective management of hypertension and associated risk factors is paramount for improving cardiovascular outcomes in Black patients.