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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Stem cells: promises versus limitations.

Despoina M Choumerianou¹, Helen Dimitriou, Maria Kalmanti

¹Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews

|May 6, 2008

Summary

Stem cells offer hope for regenerative medicine and disease treatment. Understanding their biology, differentiation, immune response, and safety is crucial for clinical applications.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Sciences
Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology

Background:

Stem cells are vital self-renewing cells with differentiation potential.
Current research explores stem cell applications in treating various diseases.
Regenerative medicine leverages stem cells for therapeutic purposes.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of stem cells in medical treatments.
To understand the fundamental biology and properties of stem cells.
To address challenges in stem cell therapy, including differentiation, immune response, and oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

Review of current stem cell research and applications.
Analysis of stem cell differentiation and functional tissue development.

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Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats

Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats

Published on: March 30, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats

Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats

Published on: March 30, 2018

Investigation into immune responses and oncogenic risks associated with stem cell use.

Main Results:

Stem cells hold significant promise for cell replacement therapies.
Human stem cells provide models for studying embryonic development and disease.
Ethical considerations are paramount for clinical stem cell implementation.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Overcoming biological and ethical hurdles is essential for successful clinical translation.
Stem cell research offers profound insights into development and disease pathology.