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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Translating basic research into clinical rheumatology.

D van der Woude1, T W J Huizinga

  • 1Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. dvanderwoude@lumc.nl <dvanderwoude@lumc.nl>

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|May 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Basic research and clinical observations have advanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) understanding, leading to targeted therapies. Further research is needed to optimize treatment combinations for maximum patient benefit.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology is increasingly understood through integrated basic research and clinical data.
  • Key cellular and soluble mediators driving RA progression at different disease stages have been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a multistage model of RA pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the impact of newly developed targeted therapeutic agents.
  • To identify remaining challenges in optimizing RA treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of findings from basic scientific research.
  • Analysis of precise clinical observations of rheumatoid arthritis disease course.
  • Review of current and emerging targeted therapeutic agents.

Main Results:

  • A multistage model for RA pathophysiology has been developed.
  • Targeted therapies are now available, intervening at multiple pathogenic levels.
  • Significant patient improvements have been observed with current treatments.

Conclusions:

  • New therapeutic agents offer substantial benefits for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • Optimal timing and combination strategies for novel RA therapies require further investigation.
  • Collaborative efforts between basic research and clinical trials are crucial for maximizing treatment potential.