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Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Forces exerted by conventional and self-ligating brackets during simulated first- and second-order corrections
Nikolaos Pandis1, Theodore Eliades, Samira Partowi
1School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Summary
This study compared forces from self-ligating and conventional brackets during orthodontic alignment. Forces varied based on bracket type, movement direction, and ligation design, with no consistent pattern observed.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Biomaterials Science
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Conventional and self-ligating bracket systems are used in orthodontics.
- Understanding forces during leveling and alignment is crucial for treatment efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare forces generated by conventional and self-ligating brackets.
- To assess forces during first- and second-order movements in late-stage orthodontic treatment.
Main Methods:
- Three bracket types (Orthos2, Damon2, In Ovation-R) were tested on resin replicas.
- Copper-nickel-titanium wires were used to simulate first- (buccolingual) and second-order (intrusion-extrusion) movements.
- Forces were measured using an orthodontic measurement and simulation system and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA.
Main Results:
- In first-order correction, In Ovation-R showed lower forces for lingual movement; Damon2 and conventional brackets had no significant difference.
- In second-order correction, self-ligating brackets showed similar forces, while conventional brackets exhibited higher forces (approx. 1 N increase).
- Direction of displacement (intrusion vs. extrusion) did not significantly affect force variation.
Conclusions:
- Forces in self-ligating appliances during leveling and alignment lack a consistent pattern.
- Force generation is influenced by the specific wire, direction of tooth movement, and the bracket's ligation mechanism.
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