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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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Solventless adhesive bonding using reactive polymer coatings.

Hsien-Yeh Chen1, Arthur A McClelland, Zhan Chen

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel solventless adhesive bonding process uses complementary polymer coatings, enabling strong adhesion for diverse materials like poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). This method offers a stable, versatile alternative for microfluidic device fabrication and surface modification.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional methods for bonding materials like poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) often involve harsh conditions or have limitations in material compatibility and long-term stability.
  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization offers a route to create functional polymer films with controlled properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel solventless adhesive bonding (SAB) process for a wide range of materials.
  • To enable robust and versatile bonding of microfluidic devices using complementary polymer coatings.
  • To investigate the surface chemistry and bonding mechanism using advanced spectroscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of complementary polymer coatings, poly(4-aminomethyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) and poly(4-formyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene), via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization.
  • Application of CVD polymer films onto various substrates including polymers, glass, silicon, metals, and paper.
  • Characterization of bonding strength using tensile stress measurements and surface functional groups using Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy.
  • Verification of surface functionalization using fluorescently labeled molecules.

Main Results:

  • The novel solventless adhesive bonding (SAB) process demonstrated strong adhesion across diverse materials, including poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS).
  • CVD-polymerized films provided well-adherent coatings on various substrates and maintained bonding capability after extended storage.
  • Tensile stress data compared favorably to existing methods like oxygen plasma and UV/ozone treatments.
  • Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) confirmed the presence and reaction of amine and aldehyde functional groups during bonding.
  • Post-bonding surfaces retained reactive functional groups for further chemical modification, verified by fluorescent labeling.

Conclusions:

  • The developed solventless adhesive bonding (SAB) process offers a versatile, stable, and effective method for joining a broad spectrum of materials.
  • This technique is particularly promising for microfluidic applications, allowing for reliable device assembly and subsequent surface functionalization.
  • The CVD-based approach provides a robust platform for creating functional interfaces with tunable properties.