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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Pediatric issues with cavovarus foot deformities.

Mark C Lee1, Daniel J Sucato

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75219, USA.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|May 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cavovarus foot deformity in children often stems from muscle imbalance, frequently linked to progressive neurological conditions. Early diagnosis and tailored surgical interventions are crucial for managing this complex orthopedic issue.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Foot and Ankle Surgery

Background:

  • Cavovarus foot deformity in children presents with diverse causes, primarily muscle imbalance.
  • Identifying the etiology is critical, as progressive neurologic conditions are common and can lead to other orthopedic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiologies, evaluation, and treatment strategies for pediatric cavovarus foot deformity.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnosing underlying neurologic conditions.
  • To outline current surgical approaches and indications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric cavovarus foot deformity.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options.
  • Categorization of surgical procedures including soft tissue procedures, osteotomies, and triple arthrodesis.

Main Results:

  • Muscle imbalance is the central pathophysiologic mechanism.
  • Neurologic conditions are the most frequent cause, necessitating thorough evaluation.
  • Treatment is predominantly surgical, with considerations for patient age, disease nature, and deformity severity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause is paramount in pediatric cavovarus foot.
  • Surgical interventions are the mainstay of treatment, with triple arthrodesis reserved for severe, rigid cases in older children.
  • Treatment plans must be individualized based on the specific clinical presentation.