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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
09:43

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement

Published on: November 7, 2017

Magnetic field exposure in a nondestructive testing operation.

Julia F Lippert1, Steven E Lacey, Kathleen J Kennedy

  • 1Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health
|May 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) exposes operators to high magnetic fields, with measurements up to 29.27 mT. Further research is needed to understand these occupational exposures and their relation to different MPI devices and frequencies.

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Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health and safety
  • Electromagnetism
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Nondestructive testing (NDT) is crucial for ensuring product integrity without compromising usability.
  • Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is an NDT method that utilizes electromagnetism, posing potential exposure risks to operators.
  • High magnetic fields have been reported in certain occupational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and characterize peak magnetic field exposures during magnetic particle inspection (MPI) of turbine engine shafts.
  • To compare measured magnetic field levels to existing occupational exposure guidelines.
  • To identify the need for further research into MPI-related magnetic field exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Peak magnetic field measurements were taken on 8 turbine engine shafts.
  • Measurements were conducted at a turbine engine overhaul and repair center.
  • A total of 95 peak magnetic field measurements were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Measured peak magnetic fields ranged from less than 0.1 mT to 29.27 mT.
  • The recorded exposure values were among the highest reported in occupational settings.
  • Significant magnetic field strengths were detected during MPI operations.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic particle inspection operations can result in substantial operator exposure to magnetic fields.
  • Further investigation is required to differentiate magnetic field magnitudes by current frequency.
  • Understanding exposure in relation to different MPI devices is essential for risk assessment.