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Iron deficiency in young Lebanese children: association with elevated blood lead levels

Samar Muwakkit1, Iman Nuwayhid, Mona Nabulsi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. sm03@aub.edu.lb

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|May 7, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and low transferrin saturation (TS) are prevalent in Lebanese children, linked to lead exposure and lack of iron supplements. These conditions require national interventions, including iron fortification and lead exposure control.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Environmental Health
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and low transferrin saturation (TS) are significant public health concerns in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for IDA and TS <12% in specific regions is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of TS <12% and IDA in Lebanese children.
  • To investigate the association of TS <12% and IDA with dietary habits, sociodemographic factors, and blood lead levels.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 268 children aged 11–75 months in Lebanon.
  • Data collection included nutritional status, blood counts, transferrin saturation (TS), and blood lead levels.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between variables.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of TS <12% was 33.6% and IDA was 20.5%.
  • Both conditions were associated with not receiving iron supplements and higher blood lead levels, particularly in younger children (11–23 months).
  • IDA was more common in males.

Conclusions:

  • IDA is common among Lebanese children and is linked to elevated blood lead levels and insufficient iron supplementation.
  • Cultural dietary practices may also contribute to iron deficiency.
  • National strategies including iron fortification and lead exposure reduction are recommended.
Abstract

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