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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Oral malodour--a review.

Francis J Hughes1, Rod McNab

  • 1Centre for Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. f.j.hughes@qmul.ac.uk

Archives of Oral Biology
|June 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Halitosis, or bad breath, is often caused by oral bacteria. Managing tongue bacteria through hygiene and scraping is key to reducing oral malodour.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Halitosis affects up to 30% of the population, primarily due to local oral causes (oral malodour).
  • Oral malodour results from anaerobic bacteria producing volatile sulphur compounds, often linked to tongue coatings rather than periodontitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary causes and effective management strategies for oral malodour.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on halitosis aetiology and treatment.
  • Focus on bacterial load reduction in periodontitis and tongue coatings.
  • Evaluation of oral hygiene, tongue cleaning, and antiseptic agents.

Main Results:

  • Anaerobic bacteria in tongue coatings are a significant cause of oral malodour.

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Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

  • Oral hygiene, tongue brushing/scraping, and antiseptics are primary management approaches.
  • Chemical agents for masking malodour are also proposed.
  • Conclusions:

    • Effective management of halitosis involves reducing bacterial load through improved oral hygiene and tongue cleaning.
    • Further research is needed to confirm the long-term effectiveness of various halitosis therapies.