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WSSV infection activates STAT in shrimp.

Wei Yu Chen1, Kun Chin Ho, Jiann Horng Leu

  • 1Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|May 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) hijacks shrimp Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) to boost viral gene expression. Despite decreased STAT transcription, WSSV infection activates shrimp STAT, aiding viral replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is crucial for antiviral defense.
  • A prior study indicated that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) may utilize Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) to enhance viral gene expression in shrimp.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone and characterize the first full-length crustacean STAT cDNA from Penaeus monodon.
  • To investigate the role and activation status of shrimp STAT during WSSV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and sequencing of shrimp STAT cDNA.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis.
  • Real-time PCR to assess STAT transcription levels.
  • Western blot analysis to detect phosphorylated (activated) STAT.
  • Cell culture and nuclear translocation assays.

Main Results:

  • The full-length cDNA sequence of shrimp STAT was determined, revealing conserved domains similar to other STAT proteins.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed shrimp STAT within the ancient STAT family.
  • WSSV infection led to decreased shrimp STAT transcription but increased STAT phosphorylation (activation) in the lymphoid organ.
  • Activated STAT translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in lymphoid organ cells of WSSV-infected shrimp.

Conclusions:

  • Shrimp STAT is activated in response to WSSV infection.
  • WSSV benefits from STAT activation in the shrimp host, rather than disrupting the JAK/STAT pathway.
  • This study provides experimental evidence for STAT activation during WSSV infection in shrimp.